Roman numerals

Roman numerals are a numeral system that originated in ancient Rome and were used throughout the Roman Empire. They are still used today in various contexts, such as for numbering pages in a preface, for numbering certain chapters or volumes in books, for designating the year of a significant event, and for naming monarchs and popes.

The Roman numeral system uses a combination of letters to represent numerical values. The basic symbols are I, V, X, L, C, D, and M, which respectively represent the numbers 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1,000. These symbols can be combined to represent any number, with certain rules governing their use. Roman numerals are a number system developed in ancient Rome where letters represent numbers.

Here is a table showing the basic Roman numeral symbols and their corresponding numerical values:

Symbols - Roman numerals	Numerical Values
I	1
V	5
X	10
L	50
C	100
D	500
M	1000

For example, when a smaller numeral appears before a larger numeral, it is subtracted from the larger numeral. For instance, IV represents 4 (5 minus 1), while IX represents 9 (10 minus 1). Conversely, when a smaller numeral appears after a larger numeral, it is added to the larger numeral. For instance, XI represents 11 (10 plus 1), while XV represents 15 (10 plus 5).

Roman Numerals from 1 to 100

Number	Roman Numeral
1	I
2	II
3	III
4	IV
5	V
6	VI
7	VII
8	VIII
9	IX
10	X
11	XI
12	XII
13	XIII
14	XIV
15	XV
16	XVI
17	XVII
18	XVIII
19	XIX
20	XX
21	XXI
22	XXII
23	XXIII
24	XXIV
25	XXV
26	XXVI
27	XXVII
28	XXVIII
29	XXIX
30	XXX
31	XXXI
32	XXXII
33	XXXIII
34	XXXIV
35	XXXV
36	XXXVI
37	XXXVII
38	XXXVIII
39	XXXIX
40	XL
41	XLI
42	XLII
43	XLIII
44	XLIV
45	XLV
46	XLVI
47	XLVII
48	XLVIII
49	XLIX
50	L
51	LI
52	LII
53	LIII
54	LIV
55	LV
56	LVI
57	LVII
58	LVIII
59	LIX
60	LX
61	LXI
62	LXII
63	LXIII
64	LXIV
65	LXV
66	LXVI
67	LXVII
68	LXVIII
69	LXIX
70	LXX
71	LXXI
72	LXXII
73	LXXIII
74	LXXIV
75	LXXV
76	LXXVI
77	LXXVII
78	LXXVIII
79	LXXIX
80	LXXX
81	LXXXI
82	LXXXII
83	LXXXIII
84	LXXXIV
85	LXXXV
86	LXXXVI
87	LXXXVII
88	LXXXVIII
89	LXXXIX
90	XC
91	XCI
92	XCII
93	XCIII
94	XCIV
95	XCV
96	XCVI
97	XCVII
98	XCVIII
99	XCIX
100	C

Examples

Here are five examples of Roman numerals with their corresponding values in decimal form and explanations on how to read them:

IV = 4
The letter "I" represents 1 and the letter "V" represents 5. When a smaller numeral appears before a larger numeral, it is subtracted. So "IV" means "1 less than 5", which is 4.

XII = 12
The letter "X" represents 10 and the letter "I" represents 1. When a smaller numeral appears after a larger numeral, it is added. So "XII" means "10 plus 1 plus 1", which is 12.

XXV = 25
The letter "X" represents 10 and the letter "V" represents 5. When multiple numerals of the same value appear together, they are added. So "XXV" means "10 plus 10 plus 5", which is 25.

XLVII = 47
The letter "X" represents 10, the letter "L" represents 50, the letter "V" represents 5, and the letter "I" represents 1. When a smaller numeral appears before a larger numeral, it is subtracted. So "XL" means "10 less than 50", which is 40. Then "VII" means "5 plus 1 plus 1", which is 7. So "XLVII" means "40 plus 5 plus 1 plus 1", which is 47.

LXXXIII = 83
The letter "L" represents 50, the letter "X" represents 10, and the letter "I" represents 1. When multiple numerals of the same value appear together, they are added. So "XXX" means "10 plus 10 plus 10", which is 30. Then "III" means "1 plus 1 plus 1", which is 3. So "LXXXIII" means "50 plus 10 plus 10 plus 10 plus 1 plus 1 plus 1", which is 83.

Here are five examples of converting numbers to Roman numerals with explanations:

16 = XVI
To convert the number 16 to Roman numerals, we can break it down into its component parts: 10 and 6. The letter "X" represents 10, and the letter "VI" represents 6. So "XVI" means "10 plus 6", which is 16.

27 = XXVII
To convert the number 27 to Roman numerals, we can break it down into its component parts: 20 and 7. The letter "XX" represents 20, and the letter "VII" represents 7. So "XXVII" means "20 plus 7", which is 27.

44 = XLIV
To convert the number 44 to Roman numerals, we can break it down into its component parts: 40 and 4. The letter "XL" represents 40, and the letter "IV" represents 4. So "XLIV" means "40 plus 4", which is 44.

99 = XCIX
To convert the number 99 to Roman numerals, we can break it down into its component parts: 90 and 9. The letter "XC" represents 90, and the letter "IX" represents 9. So "XCIX" means "90 plus 9", which is 99.

2022 = MMXXII
To convert the number 2022 to Roman numerals, we can break it down into its component parts: 2000, 20, and 2. The letter "M" represents 1000, so two "M"s represent 2000. The letter "XX" represents 20, and the letter "II" represents 2. So "MMXXII" means "2000 plus 20 plus 2", which is 2022.